NCERT Class 6 English Unit 9 – What Happened To The Reptiles
Exercise Questions (Page 42)
Question 1:
In what way is Pambupatti different from any other village?NCERT Class 6 English Unit 9 – What Happened To The Reptiles
Answer:
People in Pambupatti lived peacefully as they did not fight or get involved in communal riots in the name of religion or language. This proved that Pambupatti was not like any other village, but different from them.
Question 2:
Why is Prem determined not to return to his village?
Answer:
Prem was determined not to return to his village because communal riots of hate and violence were happening in his village. He and other villagers felt that it was unsafe for them to reside in the village where houses were being burnt in fire and people were killing each other and getting involved in communal violence.
Question 3:
Why did Makara dislike tortoises, snakes and lizards? Write a line about each.
Answer:
Makara disliked tortoises because they were slow and stupid, who carried their houses on their backs.
Makara disliked snakes because they were slimy, made funny noises and were poisonous in nature.
Makara disliked lizards because they had the strangest habits such as changing colour which made them unreliable.
Question 4:
What went wrong when the tortoises, snakes and lizards left the forest?
Answer:
When the tortoises, snakes and lizards left the forest, it went through a tough phase. The forest filled with a rotting smell of fruits and animals due to the absence of the tortoises. Once the snakes left, the forest was taken over by the rats as there was no one to eat them. Finally, the nasty insects grew bigger and multiplied in millions due to the absence of the lizards.
Question 5:
Why do you think Prem wants to tell the story of the reptiles to the people of his village?
Answer:
Prem wanted to tell the story of the reptiles to the people of his village because he understood that they had unnecessarily involved themselves in communal violence. He wanted the people of his village to live peacefully and maintain law and order. The story of the reptiles underlined the significance of living together in peace and harmony like Pambupatti.
Question 6:
Do you agree that it is difficult not to go along with someone who is very strong and powerful? Express your views frankly and clearly.
Answer:
On a general note, common people are peace-loving, weak and submissive in nature. Most of them do have fear of the strong and powerful people due to their tyranny and unjust exercise of authority. It is a facet of human nature of ordinary people to adhere to the interests of the strong lot in order to maintain their own safety and security. But if such common people raise their bar by standing up against the bullies and start voicing their opinion against the tyrants, they are likely to suppress oppression and maintain peace and harmony in the society.
Question 7:
If you were a baby crocodile, would you tell Makara that he was wrong? What would you say to convince him?
Answer:
Being a baby crocodile, I would definitely explain to Makara the consequences the forest might face if the other reptiles left it. Besides, I would also mention that every living organism has the right to live on its own wherever it wants. It is imperative for the strong people to protect the ordinary masses and not take undue advantage of their weaknesses. Therefore, every living being is interdependent upon each other and has a vital role to play to maintain the ecological balance in the beautiful environment of the Earth.
NCERT Class 6 English Chapter 10 A Strange Wrestling Match
A STRANGE WRESTLING MATCH
NCERT Solutions Class 6 English – Chapter 10
A Strange Wrestling Match
Questions
Question 1: What was Vijay Singh’s weakness? Which awkward situation did it push him into?
Answer: Vijay Singh’s weakness was that he was fond of boasting. He boasted that he wished that he met a ghost and taught him a lesson. This pushed him to an awkward situation where he was suggested to go to the Haunted Desert where he could find ghosts.
Question 2. Was the old woman’s gift to Vijay Singh eccentric? Why?
Answer: The old woman gifted a lump of salt and an egg to Vijay Singh. Yes, the gift was eccentric because Vijay Singh could not understand what the purpose of such a gift was on a desert.
Question 3. Why did Vijay Singh ask the ghost disguised as Natwar to come closer?
Answer: Vijay Singh asked the ghost disguised as Natwar to come closer so that he could size up his enemy like all other good wrestlers.
Question 4. What made the ghost speechless? Why?
Answer: Vijay Singh pretended to be brave. He looked at Natwar’s face and said that he was a plain, lying ghost. This made the ghost speechless because people used to get afraid when they saw him but here, Vijay Singh was brave and confident.
Question 5. Why did Vijay Singh say “Appearances can be deceptive”?
Answer: Vijay Singh said that “Appearances can be deceptive” because he wanted to insult the ghost. He wanted to show the ghost that he was very confident and strong enough to make the ghost lose.
Questions
Question 1: How did Vijay Singh use the egg? How did he use the lump of salt?
Answer: Vijay Singh handed over a rock to the ghost and asked him to squeeze it. He told the ghost that the rock was full of fluid. The ghost was unable to squeeze the rock. Then, Vijay Singh insulted the ghost and carefully took the egg in his hand and took the rock from the ghost. He squeezed the egg, the yellow fluid dripped down and made the ghost think that he actually squeezed the rock.
Vijay Singh then challenged the ghost to crush another rock. This time, he said that it was nothing but salt. The ghost could not crush the rock. Then Vijay Singh took the lump of salt from his pocket and the rock from the ghost in his hand. He crumbled the lump of salt and let the rock drop into the darkness. Thus, Vijay Singh showed that he was way more powerful than the ghost.
Question 2. Why did Vijay Singh conclude that the ghost would not be a worthy opponent to him? Was he fair in his judgement?
Answer: Vijay Singh concluded that the ghost would not be a worthy opponent to him as he could not perform any of the challenges that Vijay Singh threw on him- neither could he crush the rock full of fluid nor he could crumble the rock made of salt.
No, he was not fair in his judgement because he used unfair tricks to prove that he was more powerful than the ghost.
Question 3. Why did Vijay Singh ask the ghost to accompany him to town next day?
Answer: Vijay Singh asked the ghost to accompany him to town the next day so that he could boast that he claimed victory even in a fight with a ghost. He wanted the ghost to accompany him as his prisoner.
Question 4. What made the ghost believe Vijay Singh was dead?
Answer: There was no sound or groan in response to the ghost’s beating on the bolster, which he thought to be Vijay Singh. This made the ghost believe that Vijay Singh was dead.
Question 5. Vijay Singh complained of insects in the cave. What was he referring to, and why?
Answer: Thinking that Vijay Singh was sleeping on the bed, the ghost had beaten him seven times with his stout club.
Vijay Singh complained that some insect flapped him with its wings seven times. He did so to prove that he was so powerful that those beatings with the stout club were as powerless as an insect’s flap.
Question 6. Was it really a ghost who Vijay Singh befooled? Who do you think it was?
Answer: No, it was not really a ghost who Vijay Singh befooled. I think he was a fraudulent human who used to trick people into thinking that he was a ghost. Taking advantage of their fear, he would loot them of their possessions.
Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Supplementary English chapter 10
Are there any charges to download the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Supplementary English chapter 10 from ETSBUY?
No, the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Supplementary English chapter 10 from ETSBUY is absolutely free of cost. The subject matter experts prepare these solutions to help students understand the chapter. The concepts are elaborated in a simple and understandable way to boost the confidence among students. Referring to these solutions will also improve the analytical and logical thinking abilities among students which is necessary from the exam point of view. The solutions also help students to save time in searching for the correct answer for a particular question.
Is NCERT Solutions Class 6 Supplementary English chapter 10 the right book for CBSE Class 6 students?
Yes NCERT is the right book for CBSE Class 6 English students as it provides lots of questions to practice. The presentation of each topic in the book is described uniquely, which means the topics covered in the book are not stretched beyond their necessary length. They yet vividly describe all the variations of a particular concept, applied to different questions.
Does ETSBUY website provide free NCERT Class 6 Supplementary English Solutions for chapter 10?
Yes, these solutions can be viewed and downloaded in free PDF format. Students who find it difficult in solving exercise wise problems of NCERT textbook can access PDF solutions. The questions are formulated by our experts in the best possible way to make it easier for the students during exam preparation.
rajresults.nic.in RBSE 12th Result 2022 Date and Time rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in Check Here- As per the latest information, the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education Ajmer will release the Class 12th art, science, and commerce result in the last week of May 2022 at any time. The Rajasthan Board 12th result 2022 will be available on the official site @ rajresults.nic.in, rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in. Students who appeared in the Rajasthan Board class 12th examination 2022 can check the result online mode by entering their roll number. Stay connected with us to get details about the RBSE class 12th result date & time, result download link, BD Kalla Twitter, merit list, revaluation forms, and how to download RBSE Ajmer 12th result online.
RBSE 12th Result 2022 Live: Rajasthan board Science, Commerce results will be announced on June 1 at 2 pm on rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in.
rajresults.nic.in RBSE 12th Result 2022
Around 9 lakh students have given the Rajasthan Board 12th Class exams in offline mode. Earlier, the Rajasthan Board of Secondary education successfully conducted the class 12th class exams from 24th March 2022 to 26th April 2022 at various exam centres. Students from all streams (commerce, science, and arts) have been enthusiastically waiting for the BSER 12th result 2022. Students are happy to know that the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education will release the class 12th result in the month of May 2022 at any time using online mode. Students must access the official website mentioned below to check the 12th class result. RBSE 12th result can be opened with the help of roll number and name. Keep reading this article page to know more about Rajasthan Board Ajmer 12th Results.
RBSE 12th Result 2022 Date, Time 12वीं रिजल्ट लिंक rajresults.nic.in Science, Arts
Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education 12th Exam 2022 Details
Rajasthan Board Arts, Science & Commerce Result 2022
The Rajasthan Board will release the class 12th result for Arts, Science, and Commerce subjects in the last week of May 2022 at any time. Students can check the RBSE class 12th digital scorecard by entering the roll number through the direct link mentioned above. Students are requested to remember the 12th roll number to check the result to log in to the RBSE 12th board result 2022. Hence, the Rajasthan digital marksheet contains various details such as name, date of birth, subject name, grades, subject-wise marks, and overall percentages. After the RBSE 12th result announcement, students can collect the original marksheet from the school. We have mentioned the step-by-step procedure to download class 12th result.
How to Check RBSE 12th Result 2022 at rajresults.nic.in
Step 1: First of all, open the official website portal of the Rajasthan Board, i.e., rajresults.nic.in
Step 2: After that, the home page will appear on your computer screen.
Step 3: Then, click on the class 12th result link.
Step 4: Now, the student must enter the login details such as roll number, name, and others.
Step 5: Click on the submit button.
Step 6: RBSE 12th result will be displayed on your computer screen.
Step 7: Download the Rajasthan Board 12th class result and take a printout for later use.
Imp. UPDATE – If applicants have any queries regarding RBSE 12th Examination 2022, Enter your question in the below comment box. ( You need to keep visiting this page for the 12th Class Result Link.
FAQ
When will the Rajasthan Board class 12th result 2022 be declared?
Rajasthan Board will declare the class 12th result in May 2022.
Where can I check my RBSE class 12th result link?
The official site to check the RBSE 12th class result link is www.rajresults.nic.in.
RBSE 10th Result 2022, Name Wise, School Wise Release Date, Time Clear information about RBSE 10th Result 2022 has been given to you in our article. By which you can easily get your result. Along with this, we will also try to give you a clear idea about the Name Wise and School Wise Results. Along with this, you will also be provided complete information about the process of getting the result. For complete information read the article given on our website carefully till the end.
RBSE 10th Result 2022
This exam was conducted by the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education in all the exam centers. For which all the students had prepared diligently. A large number of students from Rajasthan had enrolled for this exam. This exam was conducted only in the exam centers of Rajasthan. This exam has been conducted at the state level. Every year students enroll and prepare for the exam.
The 10th examination was conducted from 31 March 2022 to 24 April 2022. This exam was conducted in offline mode. You will be passed in this exam only on the basis of your marks. For more information about this, if you want, you can check by visiting the official website. For which the link to the official website will be made available to you in our article.
RBSE 10th Result Release Date 2022
RBSE 10th Result 2022, Name Wise, School Wise Release Date, Time
The result will be released in online mode only. Which you can get only by visiting the official website. It is very important for all the students to pass this exam. Because only after passing this exam you will be promoted to the next class. Your marks are very important in your future also. The result will be prepared objectively on the basis of Marks obtained in your written test only.
RBSE 10th Result Release Time 2022
You can easily access your result by your roll number and date of birth. Your practical marks will also be included in this result. Your practicals were conducted shortly before your written test. These practicals were conducted for approx 20 Marks. To pass this exam you have to get around 33% marks but you will fail in this exam.
Details Mentioned in your RBSE 10th Result 2022
All the candidates should be aware of what details will be given in this result. So that you can easily check your result. That’s why we want to tell you that all the details given in your result are as follows-
Board name
Student name
Roll number
Date of birth
Photo and Sign
Father’s name
Mother’s name
Exam details
Total marks
Final result – Pass / Fail, etc.
How to get online RBSE 10th Result 2022?
First of all, you have to go to the website of RBSE.
The home page of the website will open in front of you.
RBSE Exam time table 2022, 10th & 12th, Time Table, Download @rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in
RBSE Exam time table 2022 is likely to be announced very soon by the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education on its official website i.e. @rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in, candidates who have applied to appear in the Secondary and Senior Secondary examination will be able to download their RBSE Exam Date 2022 PDF by visiting the official website after the official announcement, through this article you will get the detailed information regarding downloading the time table of board 10th and 12th examination.
RBSE Exam Date 2022
Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education is well known as Rajasthan Board among the local, secondary and senior secondary boards examination is likely to be held by March 2022 in the official mode throughout the State at the various examination centers, the time table or date sheet for the 10th and 12th board examination is not yet announced. Some media sources are writing that the examination date sheet may be announced soon on the official website of the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education.
As soon as the officials of the Rajasthan Board announce the board examination timetable, we will try to provide you with the direct download link through this writing. In January 2022, students are expecting that the examination may be suspended due the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, but thankfully the third of this pandemic is about to end and all the work to be back to normal. As I mentioned above the examination is likely to be held by March 2022, one or two weeks before the examination the board will announce the admit card for the students, students may download it from the official website or get it from the respective educational institutions.
For the preparation of the Secondary and Senior Secondary Board Examination the Rajasthan Board has published the mode questions paper on the respective website, students who are going to appear in the board examination can download and do preparation for the examination. Before the theory examination, the board usually holds the practical examination which is already conducted on the scheduled date. The examination date sheet will be announced in PDF format, every individual has to download and check the examination date and time.
As the country is suffering from a pandemic, the students have to take the vaccine before appearing in the board examination. For this academic, the board is going to increase the sitting capacity as well as examination centers. As always the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education will hold the examination on the Pen-paper Mode, and the examination is likely to take place in the morning shift, from 8:30 am to 11:45 am with 3 Hours 15 Minutes time duration.
How To Download Rajasthan Board Time Table 2022?
In order to download the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education 10th or 12th Exam Date Sheet or Time Table, you have to follow the following step-by-step procedure carefully, then you will be able to download the examination timetable and know the examination time and date.
To download the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education Secondary and Higher Secondary timetable firstly you have to visit the official website of RBSE i.e. @rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in.
Post visiting the official website of the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education an option of Notifications/ Press release will be visible on the left-hand side.
After tapping on the option of Notifications/ Press release you will have a related to RBSE 10th/12th Time Table 2022, click on that option.
Post clicking on the above-mentioned option the Time Table PDF will be downloaded to your device, open the PDF file and know the examination date and time.
We hope that after reading this article you gotten the detailed information regarding downloading the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education Secondary and Higher Secondary Time Table or Date Sheet, even after reading this article if you have any questions or queries related to the RBSE 10th Exam Date 2022 then feel free to ask it by commenting below, we will try to answer all your questions and queries as soon as possible.
RBSE Exam Date 2022, 10th & 12th, Time Table, Download @rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in
RBSE Exam Date 2022 is likely to be announced very soon by the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education on its official website i.e. @rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in, candidates who have applied to appear in the Secondary and Senior Secondary examination will be able to download their RBSE Exam Date 2022 PDF by visiting the official website after the official announcement, through this article you will get the detailed information regarding downloading the time table of board 10th and 12th examination.
RBSE Exam Date 2022
Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education is well known as Rajasthan Board among the local, secondary and senior secondary boards examination is likely to be held by March 2022 in the official mode throughout the State at the various examination centers, the time table or date sheet for the 10th and 12th board examination is not yet announced. Some media sources are writing that the examination date sheet may be announced soon on the official website of the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education.
As soon as the officials of the Rajasthan Board announce the board examination timetable, we will try to provide you with the direct download link through this writing. In January 2022, students are expecting that the examination may be suspended due the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, but thankfully the third of this pandemic is about to end and all the work to be back to normal. As I mentioned above the examination is likely to be held by March 2022, one or two weeks before the examination the board will announce the admit card for the students, students may download it from the official website or get it from the respective educational institutions.
For the preparation of the Secondary and Senior Secondary Board Examination the Rajasthan Board has published the mode questions paper on the respective website, students who are going to appear in the board examination can download and do preparation for the examination. Before the theory examination, the board usually holds the practical examination which is already conducted on the scheduled date. The examination date sheet will be announced in PDF format, every individual has to download and check the examination date and time.
As the country is suffering from a pandemic, the students have to take the vaccine before appearing in the board examination. For this academic, the board is going to increase the sitting capacity as well as examination centers. As always the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education will hold the examination on the Pen-paper Mode, and the examination is likely to take place in the morning shift, from 8:30 am to 11:45 am with 3 Hours 15 Minutes time duration.
How To Download Rajasthan Board Time Table 2022?
In order to download the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education 10th or 12th Exam Date Sheet or Time Table, you have to follow the following step-by-step procedure carefully, then you will be able to download the examination timetable and know the examination time and date.
To download the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education Secondary and Higher Secondary timetable firstly you have to visit the official website of RBSE i.e. @rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in.
Post visiting the official website of the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education an option of Notifications/ Press release will be visible on the left-hand side.
After tapping on the option of Notifications/ Press release you will have a related to RBSE 10th/12th Time Table 2022, click on that option.
Post clicking on the above-mentioned option the Time Table PDF will be downloaded to your device, open the PDF file and know the examination date and time.
We hope that after reading this article you gotten the detailed information regarding downloading the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education Secondary and Higher Secondary Time Table or Date Sheet, even after reading this article if you have any questions or queries related to the RBSE 10th Exam Date 2022 then feel free to ask it by commenting below, we will try to answer all your questions and queries as soon as possible.
REET Admit Card 2021 Download http://www.reetbser21.com details can be given here. REET Admit card 2021 is available on this page. All information about REET Admit Card 2021 will be available in our post, please read our post carefully. We will provide you all the information about the exam in our article, as well as we will give you all the information about the release date of the admit card and we will also tell you how and where you can get you REET Admit Card 2021. Stay connected with us to get more information.
This exam are conducted every year to recruitment of teachers in the govt.school. This exam is conducted by the Board of Secondary Education Rajasthan (RBSE). The full name of this VACANCY is – Recruitment cum Eligibility Examination for Teacher (REET). For this recruitment, you will be admitted only on the basis of the result of your written test because it is a very important EXAM for which only a qualified person is COMPULSORY.
REET Admit Card 2021
Many of candidates submit form for this recruitment every year, but only a few candidates are able to get job to this post after qualifying the exam. We request all the candidates to work hard for the exam because your result will be the same as the performance of your exam, and you will be jobed on the basis of the result. If you want to know more about it, you can visit the official website.
What is compulsory to bring with REET Admit Card 2021?
You will not be given entry in the exam hall without the admit card at the time of the exam, so you will have to take the admit card with you in the exam but at the same time, you will have to take some important documents with which to verify your identity. The complete information about which is given below, please read it carefully: –Advertisement
Aadhar card
PAN card
Driving l icense
Passport
Voter ID
Bank passbook with photograph
What is printed on REET Admit Card 2021?
Following data has been printed on your REET Admit Card 2021, so that if there is some mistake in your admit card, then you can get it fixed in time. Full information about the information given in your admit card is given below, which are as follows: –Advertisement
On home page, you have to select the roll number option for REET and click on it.
clicking on roll no, you will have to fill up your details such as roll number or registration number.
When the details are filed, your admit card will open, then save it.
Take a hard copy (printout) of the admit card for the exam.
We hope that you will get all the information about REET Admit Card 2021 in our article. If you want to ask any question, then you can ask us in the comment section, we will definitely answer your question.
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Biological Classification (updated)
Topics and Subtopics in Solutions for ncert Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification:
Section no.
Concept Name
2
Biological Classification
2.1
Kingdom Monera
2.2
Kingdom Protista
2.3
Kingdom Fungi
2.4
Kingdom Plantae
2.5
Kingdom Animalia
2.6
Viruses, Viroids and Lichens
2.7
Summary
NCERT Solution – Class 11 Biology :Biological Classification :
1. Discuss how classification systems have undergone several changes over a period of time?
Answer
The classification systems have undergone several changes with time. The first attempt of classification was made by Aristotle. He classified plants as herbs, shrubs, and trees. Animals, on the other hand, were classified on the basis of presence or absence of red blood cells. This system of classification failed to classify all the known organisms.Therefore, Linnaeus gave a two kingdom system of classification. It consists of kingdom Plantae and kingdom Animalia. However, this system did not differentiate between unicellular and multicellular organisms and between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Therefore, there were large numbers of organisms that could not be classified under the two kingdoms.To solve these problems, a five kingdom system of classification was proposed by R.H Whittaker in 1969. On the basis of characteristics, such as cell structure, mode of nutrition, presence of cell wall, etc., five kingdoms, Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia were formed.
2. State two economically important uses of: (a) Heterotrophic bacteria (b) Archaebacteria
Answer
Two economically important uses of Heterotrophic bacteria are: → They help in the production of curd from milk. → Many antibiotics are obtained from some species of bacteria.
Two economically important uses of Archaebacteria are: → Methane gas is produced from the dung of ruminants by the methanogens. → Methanogens are also involved in the formation of biogas and sewage treatment.
3. What is the nature of cell-walls in diatoms?
Answer
The cell walls in diatoms are embedded with silica, which makes them indestructible. They form two thin overlapping shells which fit together as in a soap box. Thus diatoms have left behind large amounts of cell wall deposits in their habitat.
4. Find out what do the terms ‘algal bloom’ and ‘red-tides’ signify.
Answer
Algal bloom refers to an increase in the population of algae or blue-green algae in water, resulting in discoloration of the water body.
Red tides are caused by red dinoflagellates that multiply rapidly. Due to their large numbers, the sea appears red in colour. Toxins released by them can kill other marine species.
5. How are viroids different from viruses?
Answer
Viroids are free RNAs without the protein coat, while virus have a protein coat encapsulating the RNA.
6. Describe briefly the four major groups of Protozoa.
Answer
The four major groups of Protozoa are:
• Amoeboid protozoans: These organisms live in fresh water, sea water or moist soil. They move and capture their prey by putting out pseudopodia (false feet) as in Amoeba. Marine forms have silica shells on their surface. Some of them such as Entamoeba are parasites.
• Flagellated protozoans: The members of this group are either free-living or parasitic. They have flagella. The parasitic forms cause diaseases such as sleeping sickness. Example: Trypanosoma.
• Ciliated protozoa or ciliates: They are aquatic individuals that form a large group of protozoa. Their characteristic features are the presence of numerous cilia on the entire body surface and the presence of two types of nuclei. All the cilia beat in the same direction to move the water laden food inside a cavity called gullet. Example: Paramoecium, Vorticella,etc.
• Sporozoans: They include disease causing endoparasites and other pathogens. They are uninucleate and their body is covered by a pellicle. They do not possess cilia or flagella. They include the malaria causing parasite Plasmodium.
7. Plants are autotrophic. Can you think of some plants that are partially heterotrophic?
Answer
Some insectivorous plants, like bladderwort and venus fly trap are partially heterotrophic.
8. What do the terms phycobiont and mycobiont signify?
Answer
Lichens are good examples of symbiotic life of algae and fungi. Phycobiont is the name of the part composed of algae and Mycobiont is the name of the part composed of fungi. Fungi provide minerals and support to the alage, while algae provide nutrition to the fungi.9. Give a comparative account of the classes of Kingdom Fungi under the following: (i) Mode of nutrition (ii) Mode of reproduction
Answer
→ Phycomycetes- This group of fungi includes members such as Rhizopus, Albugo, etc. • Mode of nutrition: They are obligate parasites on plants or are found on decaying matter such as wood. • Mode of reproduction: Asexual reproduction takes place through motile zoospores or non-motile aplanospores that are produced endogenously in sporangium. Sexual reproduction may be of isogamous, anisogamous, or oogamous type. It results in the formation of thick-walled zygospore.
→ Ascomycetes- This group of fungi includes members such as Penicillium, Aspergillus,Claviceps, and Neurospora. • Mode of nutrition: They are sporophytic, decomposers, parasitic or coprophilous. • Mode of reproduction: Asexual reproduction occurs through asexual spores produced exogenously, such as conidia produced on conidiophores. Sexual reproduction takes place through ascospores produced endogenously in sac – like asci and arranged inside ascocarps.
→ Basidiomycetes- This group of fungi includes members such as Ustilago,Agaricus and Puccinia. • Mode of nutrition: They grow as decomposers in soil or on logs and tree stumps. They also occur as parasites in plants causing diseases such as rusts and smuts. • Mode of reproduction: Asexual reproduction takes place commonly through fragmentation. Asexual spores are absent. Sex organs are absent but sexual reproduction takes place through plasmogamy. It involves fusion of two different strains of hyphae. The resulting dikaryon gives rise to a basidium. Four basidiospores are produced inside a basidium.
→ Deuteromycetes – This group of fungi includes members such as Alternaria, Trichoderma, and Colletotrichum. • Mode of nutritionSome members are saprophytes while others are parasites. However, a large number act as decomposers of leaf litter. • Mode of reproduction: Asexual reproduction is the only way of reproduction in deuteromycetes. It occurs through asexual spores called conidia. Sexual reproduction is absent in deuteromycetes.
10. What are the characteristic features of Euglenoids?
Answer
Characterisitic Features of Euglenoids: → Fresh water organisms found in stagnant water. → Instead of cell wall they have a protein rich layer called pellicle whick makes their body flexible. → They are autotrophs in the presence of sunlight and heterotrophs in the absence of sunlight. → A small light sensitive eye spot is present.
11. Give a brief account of viruses with respect to their structure and nature of genetic material. Also name four common viral diseases.
Answer
Viruses have a protein capsule and genetic materials inside the capsule. These genetic material become active once they are inside the nucleus of a host cell. They start replicating themselves and in turn spreading the disease. Generally viruses that infect plants have single stranded RNA. Viruses infecting animals have double stranded RNA or DNA. Viruses which infect bacteria have double stranded DNA.A.I.D.S, small pox, mumps, and influenza are some common examples of viral diseases.
12. Organise a discussion in your class on the topic- Are viruses living or non-living?
Answer
Viruses are microscopic organisms that have characteristics of both living and non-living. A virus consists of a strand of DNA or RNA covered by a protein coat. This presence of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) suggests that viruses are alive. In addition, they can also respond to their environment (inside the host cell) in a limited manner. However, some other characters, such as their inability to reproduce without using the host cell machinery and their a cellular nature, indicate that viruses are non-living. Therefore, classifying viruses has remained a mystery for modern systematics.
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 The Living World updated
Topics and Subtopics in NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 The Living World:
Section No.
Concept Name
1
The Living World
1.1
What is ‘Living’?
1.2
Diversity in the Living World
1.3
Taxonomic Categories
1.4
Taxonomical Aids
1.5
Summary
NCERT Solution – Class 11 Biology The Living World :
1. Why are living organisms classified?
Answer
The diversity of living beings makes it a challenge to systematically study them. Classification is a helpful tool to categorize them based on certain common characteristics. This enables scientists to study them in a more systematic way. The study of living beings is essential for the benefit of humankind. Discovery of new medicines, and better yielding crop varieties can be made possible only by systematic study of living beings. Moreover, environmental protection also makes it necessary for us to study the living beings in a systematic way.
2. Why are the classification systems changing every now and then?
Answer
Millions of plants, animals, and microorganisms found on earth, have been identified by the scientists while many new species are still being discovered around the world. Therefore, to classify these newly discovered species, with new characters, new systems of classification have to be devised every now and then. This creates the requirement to change the existing systems of classification.
3. What different criteria would you choose to classify people that you meet often?
Answer
In our day to day life we categorize people based on the basis of level of education, profession, hobbies, native place, sex etc.
4. What do we learn from identification of individuals and populations?
Answer
In a diverse country like India we can learn from identification of individuals and populations about the native place, mother tongue, costumes, food habit, religion, caste, etc.
5. Given below is the scientific name of Mango. Identify the correctly written name. Mangifera Indica Mangifera indica
Answer
In binomial system of nomenclature, the generic name of a species always starts with a capital letter whereas the specific name starts with a small letter. Therefore, the correct scientific name of Mango is Mangifera indica.
6. Define a taxon. Give some examples of taxa at different hierarchical levels.
Answer
A particular level of hierarchy in the classification of living beings is called a taxon. For example, the basic level of classification is species, followed by genus, family, order, class, phylum or division, in ascending order.
7. Can you identify the correct sequence of taxonomical categories? (a) Species → Order → Phylum → Kingdom (b) Genus → Species → Order → Kingdom (c) Species → Genus → Order → Phylum
Answer
Both (a) and (c) represent correct sequences of taxonomic categories as the correct hierarchical arrangement of taxonomic categories in ascending order is Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom In sequence (b), species should have been followed by genus. Therefore, it does not represent the correct sequence.
8. Try to collect all the currently accepted meanings for the word species. Discuss with your teacher the meaning of species in case of higher plants and animals on one hand and bacteria on the other hand.
Answer
In biological terms, species is the basic unit of taxonomy. It can be defined as a group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding freely among themselves under natural conditions to produce fertile off springs. Therefore, a group of similar individuals that are reproductively isolated from other group of individuals form a species. Species can also be defined as group of individuals that share the same gene pool.
9. Define and understand the following terms:
Answer
(i) Phylum: A group of closely related classes is called phylum. For example: pisces, amphibia, reptilia, aves and mammalia belong to the Phylum Chordata.(ii) Class: The group of closely related orders is called class. For example: orders Primata and Carnivora belong to the class Mammalia.(iii) Family: A group of closely related genera is called a family. For example: family hominidae contains Apes, Monkeys and Man. In plants, families are categorized on the basis of vegetative and reproductive features.(iv) Order: A group of closely related families is called order. For example: order carnivora, includes many families.(v) Genus: A group of closely related species is called genus. For example: genus Solanum, includes many species such as nigrum, melongena, tuberosum, etc.
10. How is a key helpful in the identification and classification of an organism?
Answer
Key is taxonomical aid used for identification of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities. Selection of one character leads to rejection of another character while identifying a particular species or genera or family and so on. For example presence or absence of hair on body can give a clue if an animal belongs to mammalian or not.
11. Illustrate the taxonomical hierarchy with suitable examples of a plant and an animal.
AnswerClassification of a plant
As an example, let us classify MangoPhylum: Angiosperm Class: Dicotyledons Order: Sapindales Family: Anacardiaceae Genus: Mangifera Species: Mangifera indicaClassification of a animal
As an example, let us classify Humans Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Homo sapiens
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The NCERT Book for Class 11 Chemistry gives students an overview of all the topics and concepts that are covered for Chemistry as per the Class 11 CBSE Chemistry syllabus. Students can use this book to clarify any doubts they may get on the subject.
The best explanation is given for each topic and concept
Covers significant topics often asked at competitive exams
Help students to prepare well for boards and competitive exams
Solved examples help students to self- analyze their performance
Students can increase their knowledge about the significant topics
Can be a useful tool for self-study
Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Books for Class 11 Chemistry
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Every student has to take up exams as they are the basis of assessing how knowledgeable and informational a student is. The NCERT books for Class 11 Chemistry provides precise and detailed answers to the textbook questions. Students can also improve their problem solving and time management skills by regularly using these resources while preparing for exams. All the fundamentals are explained in a simple and comprehensive manner to aid students to ace their annual exam.
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Yes, NCERT Books for Class 11 Chemistry provides solutions for all questions given in NCERT Textbook for Class 11. By practicing all the chapter questions students will be able to attend the examinations more proficiently. By learning these concepts, you can score high in your finals.
