Board | RBSE |
Class | Class 8 |
Subject | Science |
Chapter | Chapter 8 |
Chapter Name | Our Health, Diseases and Prevention |
Number of Questions Solved | 44 |
Category | RBSE Solutions |
I. Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Answers:
Question 2.
Fill in the blanks
Answers:
Question 3.
Match the following:
Column I | Coloumn II |
Anaemia | Albendazole |
Swine flu | Blood deficiency |
Worm infection | ORS solution |
Diarrhoea | Temi flu |
Answer:
Column I | Coloumn II |
Anaemia | Blood deficiency |
Swine’ flu | Temiflu |
Worm infection | Albendazole |
Diarrhoea | ORS solution |
Question 1.
Draw the diagram of H.I.V.
Answer:
Question 2.
What is the function of vaccine?
Answer:
Vaccine acts as antibody which destroy the disease microbes and protect the body from disease.
Question 3.
Write the symptoms of swine flu.
Answer:
Difficulty in throat, cold, fever, shivering.
Question 4.
Write the precaution of AIDS.
Answer:
Precautions :
Question 5.
Give the symptoms of cancer.
Answer:
Place in the body where cell division is uncontrolled, cyst develops in initial stage and painless. At advanced stage cyst is very painful it could be develops on tongue, neck, bone, blood, lungs, uterus, etc.
Question 1.
Explain the cycle of worm infection. Write in detail the harmful effects of worm infection in children, methods of prevention and benefits of worm control in children.
Answer:
Worm infection cycle:
Harmful effect of worms on children’s health:
Precaution from worms:
Advantages of worm controls:
Question 2.
Explain in detail the following.
(a) Haemophilia
(b) Food poisoning
(c) Naru disease
(d) Anaemia
(e) Leprosy
Answer:
(a) Haemophilia: It is a hereditary disease. It’s genes are found in male sex chromosomes (x) and transfer from generation to generation by females.
Symptoms: In this disease bleeding do not stop even on a small injury, blood do not clots, death occur due to excess bleeding.
Treatment: by providing blood in time.
(b) Food poisoning : Micro organism through contaminated food
Symptoms: uneasyness, vomiting.
Cause: micro organism produce a poisonous substance in contaminated food which makes the food poisonous.
Precautions: Avoid contaminated food.
Treatment: Taking advice of doctor in time.
(c) Naru Bala (Guinea Worm): Spread through water.
Micro-organism- Cyclops enters in a healthy body through water.
Cause: Use of unclean water of well, pond or bavdi, drinking unfiltered water.
Symptoms: Scars on skin of legs or hand, female worms grow in muscles. Fever if worm is not taken out of the body then it releases the poisonous subtsance which convert into nodules.
Precautions: Drink filtered water or boiled water.
(d) Anaemia Cause: Deficiency of iron element in body, deficiency of haemoglobin. Symptoms: complexion of face become white, body becomes weak, tiredness, giddiness, white blisters on tongue.
Precautions: Intake nutritive diet, sprouted grains, cereals, leafy vegetables, figs, beet root, brinjals, sesame till etc.
Treatment: Iron tablets.
(e) Leprosy: Spread through bacteria.
Cause: Continuous contact with patient.
Symptoms: Scars on skin, these scars have loss of sensation, no feeling occurs of injury, burning, pain in these scars. These organs do not work, fingers become deformed.
Precautions: Clothes and belongings of patient should be kept separate. Clothes should be washed with dettol.
Treatment: Surgery, vaccine, multi drug therapy, transplant of organ which damaged.
I. Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The vector of malarial parasite is:
(a) Mosquito
(b) Fly
(c) Dog
(d) House fly
Question 2.
Which of these is an acute disease?
(a) Common cold
(b) Elephantiasis
(c) AIDS
(d) Jaundice
Question 3.
Mosquito is not vector for disease from following:
(a) Malaria
(b) Typhoid
(c) Dengue
(d) Elephantiasis
Question 4.
The causal organism of typhoid is:
(a) Plasmodium
(b) Leishmania
(c) Salmonella
(d) Virus
Question 5.
Uncontrollable cell division causes:
(a) AIDS
(b) Cancer
(c) Typhoid
(d) Cough-cold
Question 6.
Viral borned disease is:
(a) Polio and Dengue
(b) Measles and cholera
(c) Rabies and tetanus
(d) Hepatitis and typhoid
Question 7.
A chronic disease is:
(a) Typhoid
(b) Eye flu
(c) Common cold
(d) Hypertension
Question 8.
Which one is an infectious disease?
(a) Malaria
(b) Cancer
(c) Jaundice
(d) Rabies
Question 9.
The public health programme of childhood immunisation for preventing infectious diseases include administration of:
(a) Antibiotics
(b) Vaccines
(c) Medicines
(d) Blood transfusion
Question 10 .
Which one of the following is bacterial diseases:
(a) Poliomyelitis
(b) Malaria
(c) Tetanus
(d) Hepatitis
Question 11.
Which is not controlled by vaccination?
(a) Tuberculosis
(b) Hepatitis
(c) Cancer
(d) Small-pox
Question 12.
Tuberculosis is a disease caused by:
(a) Bacterium
(b) Virus
(c) Protozoa
(d) Malnutrition
Answers:
1. (a)
2. (a)
3. (d)
4. (c)
5. (b)
6. (d)
7. (d)
8. (a)
9. (b)
10. (c)
11. (c)
12. (a)
Question 1
What is the ability to resist a disease called?
Answer:
The ability to resist a disease is called immunity.
Question 2.
What are micro-organisms?
Answer:
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and multicellular organisms like worms.
Question 3.
The immediate causes of many diseases are not infectious. Name any two such diseases.
Answer:
Question 4.
Name one disease each caused by virus,bacteria and protozoa.
Answer:
Virus – polio, Bacteria – typhoid Protozoa – Malaria
Question 5.
Name two diseases spread by mosquitoes.
Answer:
Question 6.
Which chronic disease is associated with respiratory system.
Answer:
Tuberculosis of lungs.
Question 7.
Name any two groups of microorganisms from which antibiotics can be extracted.
Answer:
Question 8.
Which two diseases are transmitted by contaminated food and water?
Answer:
Cholera and Hepatitis A.
Question 9.
What is the purpose of vaccination?
Answer:
The purpose of vaccination is to induce the production of specific antibodies to confer immunity against subsequent infection.
Question 10.
Expand DPT and BCG.
Answer:
DPT = Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus, BCG= Bacillus Calmette-Guerin.
Question 1.
Write the symptoms when following organs are targeted by microbes.
(a) Lungs
(b) Liver
(c) Brain
Answer:
(a) If the lungs are infected, the symptoms are cough and breathlessness.
(b) If liver is infected, the symptoms are fever, vomiting, loss of appetite and yellowish urine.
(c) If brain is affected by a microbe, the symptoms are headache, vomiting and unconsciousness.
Question 2.
Differentiate between infectious and non infectious diseases.
Answer:
Differences between infectious and non-infectious diseases:
Infectious or communicable diseases | Non-infections or Non-communicable diseases |
(i) These are transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person. | (i) These are not transmitted from an infected person to the healthy person. |
(ii) These are caused by pathogens e.g., viruses, bacteria etc. | (ii) There is no role of pathogens. |
(iii) These are brought about by extrinsic or external factors. | (iii) These may be brought by intrinsic or internal factors. |
(iv) Community hygiene can reduce the incidence of infectious disease. | (iv) Community hygiene is in effective in reducing the incidence of non- infectious diseases. |
Question 3.
List the names of three diseases
Answer:
Disease caused by virus and their caused by virus stating their mode of mode of communication,
communication in each case.
(a) Jaundice- Contaminated food and water.
(b) Rabies- Saliva of infected animal
(c) AIDS- Through sexual contact, blood transfusion, contaminated needle from mother to foetus.
Question 4.
Describe in detail the concept of vaccines. Name four diseases which vaccines are available in the market.
Answer:
(i) Vaccines is a product in the form of weakened or inactivated pathogens or proteins which are used to provide protection against a disease.
(ii) (a) Polio, (b) Hepatitis, (c) Measles, (d) Small-pox, (e) Diphtheria, (J) Tetanus, (g) Whooping cough, etc.
Question 5.
Name diseases which are caused by- (two for each).
(a) virus
(b) bacteria
(c) protozoa ,
Answer:
(a) Virus: AIDS and polio are caused by virus.
(b) Bacteria: Typhoid and Tuberculosis are caused by bacteria.
(c) Malaria and Diarrhoea are caused by protozoa.
Question 6
Which type of diseases cause more damages to our body – acute or chronic and why?
Answer:
Chronic disease lasts for long time so it is more harmful than acute disease. For example cough and cold, viral fever are acute diseases which do not affect our health badly and we become well within a week or so while tuberculosis, which is a chronic disease affects health drastically and has a long time effect on body.
Question 7.
Write a short note on Smt. Savitri Bai Phule?
Answer:
Smt Savitri Bai Phule was born in Nai village of Satara district of Maharashtra. She was married at the early stage of 9 years. At that time untouchability was prevailing in India. But still Savitri Phule managed to provide water to all from her well. She strongly opposed the untouchability, casteism, etc. When plague was spread as an epidemic, Savitri Phule came forward to help and she organised various medical camps for four peoples. She was one of the important female leaders of the modern India. She struggled for the rights of the women.
Question 8.
AIDS is a fatal disease. Explain why.
Answer:
In AIDS, immune system of the body is highly weakened and body suffers from severe infections repeatedly which lead to death of the individual. Hence, it is a fatal disease.
Question 1.
Explain bacterial diseases of human beings with their factors, symptoms, preventive measures and treatment.
Answer:
Disease
Disease causing microbes
Symptoms
Preventive measures
Treatment
Question 2.
Explain viral diseases of human beings with their factors, symptoms, preventive measures and treatment.
Answer:
Disease
Disease causing microbes
Symptoms
Preventive measures
Treatment
Question 3.
What is Dengue Fever? Write transmitted, its causes, symptoms and preventive measures.
Answer:
It is a viral disease caused by one of the four types of dengue viruses.
Transmitted:
It is transmitted through female Aedes aegypti mosquito from an infected person.
Causes:
Symptoms:
After 3 to 14 days of infected mosquito bite, the symptoms of dengue fever appear. They are as follows:
Prevention methods:
Question 4.
Define the national health programme conduct by government of India to control and eradicate different diseases?
Answer:
(a) National Malaria eradication programme:
This programme was started in India as National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) in 1953. In 1958 it was renamed as National Malaria Eradication Programme. The aim of this programme is to eradicate the diseases with community cooperation. In this program workers of Primary Health Centre and department of Malaria collects blood sample of the person suffering from fever and test them, if patient reported malaria positive then drug are distributed through health workers and members of Panchayat Samiti. Insecticides are also sprayed to control malaria.
(b) National leprosy eradication programme:
This programme was started in 1955. The aim of this program is to identify the patient in early stage and treat them with multidrug therapy and rehabilitation for them. For this purpose leprosy control Centre established.
(c) National Tuberculosis Eradication programmes:
This programme was started in 1962. Under this scheme diseases eradication programme is run under the leadership of leader ship of district tuberculosis – disease incharge. In this program patient examined, identified, treated and educated.
(d) Pulse polio vaccination campaign:
To eradicate polio this programme was stated on 9th December 1995. The aim of this programme is to replace natural poliovirus VIT vaccinated virus so that the diseases can be eradicated
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