These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Question 1.
Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human welfare.
Solution:
Role of animal husbandry in human welfare is discussed as follows:
Question 2.
If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?
Solution:
Some of the measures to be followed for proper management of dairy farm are :
Question 3.
What is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animal breeding?
Solution:
A group of animals which are related by descent to each other and possess similar characteristics like appearance, size, features etc. are said to belong to a breed. The purpose of animal breeding is to produce animals with increased yield, faster growth, improved reproductive rate.
Question 4.
Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which of the methods is best? Why?
Solution:
Animal breeding is producing improved breeds of domesticated animals by improving their genotypes through selective mating. There are two methods of animal breeding, natural breeding which includes inbreeding, out-breeding, cross-breeding, out-crossing, etc., and artificial breeding which involves artificial insemination and multiple ovulation embryo transfer technology (MOET). It involves inseminating the native cows with the semen of superior bulls of exotic or indigenous breeds. Artificial breeding is the best method of breeding because of the following reasons:
Question 5.
What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?
Solution:
Apiculture is the practice of bee-keeping for the production of various products such as honey-bee’s wax, etc. Honey is a highly nutritious food source and is used as an indigenous system of medicines. Other commercial products obtained from honeybees include bee’s wax and bee pollen. Bee’s wax is used for making cosmetics, polishes and is even used in several medicinal preparations. Therefore, to meet the increasing demand of honey, people have started practicing bee-keeping on a large scale. It has become an income-generating activity for farmers since it requires low investment and is labour intensive.
Question 6.
Discuss the role of fishery in the enhancement of food production.
Solution:
Fishery is the rearing, breeding, catching & marketing of fishes and other aquatic animals. Fishes are important food for a large portion of human population. Meat of fishes is a rich source of proteins and other useful substances like polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The meat of other aquatic animals like prawn, crab is also consumed as food by human beings.
Question 7.
Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.
Solution:
The major steps in breeding a new genetic variety of a crop are as follows:
Question 8.
Explain what is meant by biofortification.
Solution:
Biofortification is method of breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher proteins and healthier fats in view to improve public health. E.g., iron-fortified rice containing five times more iron than other varieties, wheat variety, Atlas 66 having high protein content, maize varieties having high lysine and tryptophan are produced.
Question 9.
Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?
Solution:
The terminal bud having apical meristem are the best-suited parts of the plant for making a virus-free plant because they are not infected by a virus.
Question 10.
What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?
Solution:
Micropropagation is the tissue culture technique used for rapid vegetative multiplication of ornamental plants and fruit trees by using small-sized explants. Because of the minute size of the propagules in the culture, the propagation technique is named micropropagation. This method of tissue culture produces several plants. Each of these plants will be genetically identical to the original plant from which explants were taken. Plants obtained by vegetative propagation of a single plant constitute a somaclonal. The members of a single somaclonal have the same genotype. It is the only process adopted by Indian plant biotechnologists in different industries mainly for the commercial production of ornamental plants like lily, orchids, Eucalyptus, Cinchona, blueberry, etc., and fruit trees like tomato, apple, banana, grapes, potato, Citrus, palm, etc.
Question 11.
Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro are.
Solution:
The major components of the medium for in-vitro propagation are:
Question 12.
Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.
Solution:
Some of the hybrid varieties of plants in India are:
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