NCERT Solutions Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Diversity in Living Organisms


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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7- Diversity in Living Organisms  (All in text and Exercise Questions solved)

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7- Diversity in Living Organisms

Diversity of Living Organisms refer to the variety of living beings present on earth. These organisms were classified by H. Whittaker into five-kingdom classification as follows:

  • Monera
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia

Monera are unicellular, prokaryotic, heterotrophic or autotrophic organisms.

Protista are unicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms.

Fungi are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms with plant and animal-like features. They may be saprophytic or parasitic.

Plantae are multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophs which are further classified as:

  • Thallophyta
  • Bryophyta
  • Pteridophyta
  • Gymnosperms
  • Angiosperms

Animalia are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophs which are classified as:

  • Porifera
  • Coelenterata
  • Platyhelminthes
  • Nematoda
  • Annelida
  • Arthropoda
  • Mollusca
  • Echinodermata
  • Chordata

Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Exercise – 7.1 Questions with Answer page:80

Q1. Why do we classify organisms?

Ans:

By classifying organisms, it is easier and more convenient to study their characteristics. Similarities exhibited by various entities allow us to categorize different entities into a class and hence, study the group as a whole.

Q2. Give three examples of the range of variations that you see in life-forms around you.

Ans:

Listed below are a few ranges of variations observed in life-forms:

(a) Small frog to big whale

(b) Creeper to the eucalyptus tree

(c) Black cuckoo to colourful peacock

Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Exercise-7.1 Questions with Answer

Q3. Which do you think is a more basic characteristic for classifying organisms?

(a) the place where they live.

(b) the kind of cells they are made of. Why?

Ans:

The most basic classification of organisms should be established on the kind of cells they are made up of. This is because the habitat can have species with different characteristics living harmoniously whereas the entities with similar cell arrangement will exhibit equivalent characteristics.

Q4. What is the primary characteristic on which the broad division of organisms is made?

Ans:

The basic characteristic on which organisms are primarily divided is the nature of cells. It is broadly classified as prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, which furthermore is classified into subclasses.

Q5. On what basis are plants and animals put into different categories?

Ans:

The following is the basis for categorization of plants and animals:

(a) The most fundamental consideration of classification is the presence and absence of a cell wall.

(b) The next important criterion is the mode of nutrition. The mechanism through which entities acquire their nutrients is used as the base for classification.

Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Exercise-7.2 Questions with Answers

Q6. Which organisms are called primitive and how are they different from the so-called advanced organisms?

Ans:

Primitive organisms are the organisms that exhibit a very simple and basic cell arrangement, mechanism and structure and no division of labour is observed. Advanced organisms, on the other hand, are the organisms possessing millions of cells that are grouped into various organs performing different functionality such as mammals.

Q7. Will advanced organisms be the same as complex organisms? Why?

Ans:

Yes. Complex organisms are the same as advanced organisms. The consequence of advancement leads to multiple cell arrangements that operate uniquely.

Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Exercise-7.3 Questions with Answers

Q8. What is the criterion for classification of organisms as belonging to kingdom Monera or Protista?

Ans:

One of the most significant differences in classification is the development of the nucleus. The ones with no nuclear membranes are defined to be Monera while the ones that have well-defined nuclei walls are Protista.

Q9. In which kingdom will you place an organism which is single-celled, eukaryotic and photosynthetic?

Ans:

Since the cell is photosynthetic, it must have a well-defined nucleus wall. Therefore, it needs to be placed in Protista kingdom.

Q10. In the hierarchy of classification, which grouping will have the smallest number of organisms with maximum common characteristics and which will have the largest number of organisms?

Ans:

(a) The organisms belonging to the Kingdom Monera will have the smallest number of organisms and with maximum characteristics in common.

(b) The organisms belonging to the Kingdom Animalia will have the largest number of organisms.

Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Exercise-7.4 Questions with Answer

Q11. Which division among plants has the simplest organisms?

Ans:

Algae or Thallophyta has the simplest organisms among the plants.

Q12. How are pteridophytes different from the phanerogams?

Ans:

The following are the differences:

PteridophytesPhanerogams
They possess a naked embryoThey possess a covered embryo
Exhibit unclear reproductive organExhibit well-defined reproductive organ

Q13. How do gymnosperms and angiosperms differ from each other?

Ans:

In gymnosperms, the seeds are naked while in angiosperms the seeds are covered.

Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Exercise-7.5  Questions with Answers

Q14. How do poriferan animals differ from coelenterate animals?

Ans:

Listed below are the differences:

PoriferaCoelenterata
Division of labour is not noticedDivision of labour is observed
Cellular level of organization exhibitedTissue level of organization exhibited
Coelom absentCoelom present

Q15. How do annelid animals differ from arthropods?

Ans:

Listed below are the differences:

AnnelidaArthropoda
The entire body is segmented into ringsSegmentation of body into head, abdomen and the thorax region
Skeleton is absentPresence of exoskeleton
HermaphroditesPresence of different sexes, bisexual present

Q16. What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles?

Ans:

Listed below are the differences:

AmphibiaReptilia
Skin is moist and softSkin is hardened
In water, they breathe through their skinCan exist in water. They come to land to intake oxygen
Respire through lungs or gillsRespire through lungs
Capable of jumpingThey crawl
Indirect development is noticedDirect development observed

Q17. What are the differences between animals belonging to the Aves group and those in the mammalian group?

Ans:

Listed below are the differences:

AvesMammalia
Body is covered with feathersBody is covered with hairs
Teeth absentTeeth present
They possess a beakBeak absent
Forelimbs are present and modified to take a flightForelimbs are present and used for multiple activities
Bones are hollowBones are solid
Body is streamlinedStreamlining of body is not observed (except whales)

Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Exercise

Q1. What are the advantages of classifying organisms?

Ans:

Listed below are the advantages of classification of organisms:

  • When organisms are classified, their common features can easily be studied.
  • The study of scientific experiments is simplified.
  • The interrelation of humans with other entities can be interpreted. Their dependence and interactions can be studied.
  • When entities are crossbred and modified genetically, it paves the way for commercial applications.

Q2. How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in classification?

Ans:

The basis of the start of the hierarchy will be formed by the Gross character while the basis of steps further will be taken care of by the fine character.

For instance:

  • Human beings are categorized under vertebrates as they possess the vertebral column
  • For categorization of tetrapods
  • For Tetrapods, the existence of four limbs is taken into consideration
  • In the case of mammals, the mammary gland is the required part

Q3. Explain the basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms.

Ans:

The following factors govern the basis of grouping organisms into five kingdoms

  • The number of cells present forms the first criteria.
  • Next is the arrangement and the number of layers present.
  • Another important factor for classification is the existence of cell wall.
  • Classification of complex organisms is also based on the mode of intake of nutrition.
  • To classify, we consider the organization level too.

Q4. What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis of these divisions?

Ans:

The following table depicts plant division and the basis of classification for each division.

DivisionBasis of Classification
Thallophyta or AlgaeLike body
BryophytaThe body is divided into leaf and stem
PteridophytaThe body is separated into root, stem and leaf
GymnospermSeed-bearing, naked seeds
AngiospermSeed bearings covered seeds

Q5. How are the criteria for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the subgroups among animals?

Ans:

  • One of the major specifications to categorize plants into Thallophytes and Bryophytes is the basic cell structure.
  • Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are classified on the basis of visibility of seeds.

Hence, morphological characteristics play a key role in plant classification. In animal classification, cytology is considered primarily as more minute structural variations are taken into account.

  • The cell layers, cytology, morphology are significant features to be considered in the classification of animals.
  • The presence and absence of various features decide the classification of higher hierarchies.

Q6. Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.

Ans:

Vertebrata has two subclasses namely

  • Pisces
  • Tetrapod

Wherein, organisms belonging to Pisces subclass have a streamlined body with tails and fins which help them in their movement (swim) whereas, the Tetrapoda species have four limbs for their movement.

Furthermore, The tetrapod animals are classified as:

1. Amphibia: The animals belonging to this group are adaptive in nature. They dwell both in the land as well as in water. They show the presence of specialized organs, which allows them to breathe underwater.

2. Reptilia: The animals belonging to this class crawl. Their skin is very thick and withstands extreme temperatures.

3. Aves: The forelimbs of these organisms are modified which help them in their flight. They lack teeth and instead have a beak and feathers that cover up their body.

4. Mammalia: The animals belonging to this group show nurturing skills as they contain mammary glands to support them. Their skin is covered with hair and most of them are viviparous in nature.

Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1. Who wrote the book “The Origin of Species”?
Answer: Charles Darwin in 1859.

Question 2. Who proposed the classification of organisms into 5 kingdom?
Answer: Robert Whittaker (1959).

Question 3. Define species.
Answer: All organisms that <are similar to breed and perpetuate.

Question 4. Give example of the organism belonging to Monera and Protista Kingdom.
Answer: Monera—Anabaena, blue-gr^en algae Protista—Eugleno, Paramecium, Amoeba

Question 5. Name the appendages used for movement by organism belonging to Protista kingdom
Answer:
Paramecium – Cilia
Euglena – Flagella
Amoeba – Pseudopodia

Question 6. What is lichen?
Answer: The symbiotic association of fungi and blue-green algae, is called lichen.

Question 7. What is symbiotic relationship?
Answer: It is a relationship between two organisms in which both of them are benefitted, e.g., fungi gets food from blue-green algae and in return blue-green gets shelter [lichens].

Question 8. What is saprophytic nutrition?
Answer: The organisms using dead and decaying organic matter as food are said to show saprophytic nutrition.

Question 9. Give simple dassificatian of plant kingdom.
Answer:
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Diversity in Living Organisms VSAQ Q9

Question 10. Name the plant amphibian.
Answer: Biyophyta e.g. Funaria (Moss).

Question 11. What are cryptogamae?
Answer: The plants with inconspicuous reproductive organs are called cryptogamae, e.g., fern.

Question 12. Give examples of pteridophyte.
Answer: Marsilea and Fern.

Question 13. Name the reproductive organ of plants.
Answer: Flower.

Question 14. What are gymnosperms?
Answer: The group of plants that bear naked seeds e.g., pines, deodar.

Question 15. What are angiosperms?
Answer: The group of plants with covered seeds are called angiosperms. These are flowering plants.

Question 16. What are cotyledons?
Answer: Plant embryos in seeds have structures called cotyledons. Cotyledens are also known as seed leaves.

Question 17. Name the phylum of an animals with pores on it.
Answer: Porifera e.g., sponge.

Question 18. Name the phylum of Jellyfish
Answer: Coelenterata or Cnidaria.

Question 19. What is the meaning of triploblastic?
Answer: Animals which have three layers of cells from which differentiated tissues -can be made.

Question 20. What is bilateral symmetry?
Answer: When the left and right halves of the body have same design it is called bilateral symmetry.

Question 21. What is the meaning of “cold-blooded animal”?
Answer: Those animals who show the variation in their body temperature according to the surroundings are called cold-blooded animals, e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles.

Question 22. Name two mammals that lay eggs.
Answer: Platypus and echidna.

Question 23. Name three mammals that live in water.
Answer: Whale, platypus and Dolphins.

Question 24. Name a fish with skeleton made up of cartilage.
Answer: Shark.

Question 25. Name two fish which have skeleton made up of both bone and cartilage.
Answer: Tuna and rohu.

Question 26. Name the reptile with four-chambered heart.
Answer: Crocodile.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Give the characteristics of Monera.
Answer:
(a) Organisms are unicellular, do not have a defined nucleus.
(b) Organisms may have a cell wall or may not have cell wall.
(c) Mode of nutrition is either autotrophic or heterotrophic.

Question 2. Give the characteristics of Protista.
Answer:
(a) Organsims are unicellular and eukaryotic.
(b) Use appendages for locomotion like cilia, flagella, etc.
(c) Nutrition is either autotrophic or heterotrophic.
(d) E.g., algae, protozoa.

Question 3. Give the difference between thallophyta and bryophyta.
Answer:

ThallophytaBryophyta
Body is thallus like not differentiated into -root, stem. Example: Spirogyra.Plant Body is differentiated into stem and leaf like structures. Example: Moss.

Question 4. What are hermaphrodites? Give two examples.
Answer: When an organism has both the sexes, i.e., it can produce both sperms and eggs are called hermaphrodites. Example: Sponges, earthworms.

Question 5. Give the difference between monocots and dicots.
Answer:

MonocotsDicots
1. Seeds with one cotyledon.2. Leaves have parallel venation.3. Root system—fibrous.Seeds with two cotyledons.Leaves have reticulate venation.Root system—tap root.

Question 6. Give the difference between two types of symmetry that animals show.
Answer: Symmetry—Bilateral and Radial

Bilateral SymmetryRadial Symmetry
Any organism that has same design on left and right halves of the body. Example: Earthworm, spider, cockroach.Any organisms with a body design such that it can be divided into two equal halves from any radius. Example: Starfish sea urchin.

Question 7. Differentiate between vertebrates and invertebrates.
Answer:

VertebratesInvertebrates
1. Notochord is present.2. True internal skeleton present.Notochord is absent.No true internal skeleton present.

Question 8. Name the phylum of the following animals:
(a) Tapeworm (b) Starfish
(c) Jellyfish     (d) Octopus
Answer:
(a) Tapeworm – Flatyhelminthes
(b) Starfish – Echinodermatai
(c) Jellyfish – Coelenterata
(d) Octopus – Mollusca

Question 9. Identify the phylum for the following characteristics given:
(a) Organisms with joint appendages.
(b) Organisms are generally flat worms.
(c) Body is segmented.
(d) Skin of organisms is full of spikes.
Answer:
(a) Arthropoda
(b) Platyhelminthes
(c) Ann elida
(d) Echinodermata

Question 10. State the features of all chordates.
Answer: All chrodates  possess the following features:

  1. Have a notochord
  2. Have a dorsal nerve chord
  3. Are triploblastic
  4. Have paired gill pouches

Question 11. Give general characteristics of Porifera.
Answer:
(a) Animals with pores all over the body.
(b) Body is not well differentiated.
(c) Non-motile animals, remain attached to solid support.
(d) Body is covered with hard outer skeleton. Example, sponges.

Question 12. How are pores or holes all over the body of Porifera important?
Answer: The pores or holes present all over the body of the organisms lead to a canal system that helps in circulating water throughout the body to bring in food and oxygen.

Question 13. Give general characteristics of ‘Platyhelminthes’?
Answer:
(a) These are flat worms.
(b) Most of them are parasites.
(c) Animals are triploblastic
(d) No true internal body cavity.
E.g., Tapeworm, planaria, Liver fluke.

Question 14. Give specific characteristics of Coelenterata.
Answer:
(a) Water living animals.
(b) Body is made of two layers of cells.
(c) Some of them live in colonies (corals), while others have solitary life-span {Hydra).
(d) Body cavity present.

Question 15. Give the characteristics of Arthropoda with 2 examples.
Answer:
(a) Arthropoda means jointed legs’.
(b) Animals are bilaterally symmetrical and segmented.
(c) It has an open circulatory system.
(d) This is the largest group of animals.
Example: Spider, scorpionts, crabs, house flies.

Question 16. Give the characteristic features of Echinodermata.
Answer:
(a) Spikes present on skin.
(b) Free living, marine animals.
(c) Triploblastic and have a coelomic cavity.
(d) Have a peculiar water driven tube system used for moving around.
(e) Have hard calcium carbonate structure that is used as a skeleton.
Example, Starfish, seaurchin.

Question 17. Give the characteristics of mammals.
Answer:
(a) Mammals are warm-blooded animals.
(b) Four-chambered heart.
(c) Mammary glands for production of milk to nourish their younger one.
(d) Skin has hairs, sweat glands and oil glands.
(e) Most of them produce their young ones (viviparous).

Question 18. What are the conventions followed for writing the scientific names?
Answer: The conventions followed while writing the scientific names are:
1. The name of the genus begins with a capital letter.
2. The name of the species begins with a small letter.
3. When printed, the scientific name is given in italics.
4. When written by hand, the genus name and the species name have to be underlined separately.

Question 19. Differentiate between algae and fungi
Answer:

AlgaeFungi
1. Contain chlorophyll (green in colour).2. Autotrophic nutrition.3. Food is stored in the form of starch.1. Do not contain chlorophyll (non-green)2. Heterotrophic nutrition.3. Food is stored in the form of glycogen.

Question 20. Name the phylum of the following organisms, whose exclusive characteristics is given below:
(a) Hollow bones                                            (b) Jointed appendages
(c) Flat worm                                                   (d) Round worms, parasitic
(e) Soft body, muscular marine animal (f) Radially symmetrical, spiny skin.
Answer:
(a) Phylum chordata, subphylum—vertebrata, class—Aves
(b) Phylum—Arthropoda
(c) Phylum—Platyhelmithes
(d) Phylum—Aschelminthes
(e) Phylum—Mollusca
(f) Phylum—Echinodermata

Question 21. Give the characteristibs of amphibians.
Answer: Amphibians are vertebrates that lives on land and in water.
(a) They are cold-blooded.
(b) Heart is three-chambered.
(c) Fertilization is external.
(d) Respiration through lungs on land and through moist skin when in water. Example, Frog, Toads

Question 22. Give the characteristics of Aves.
Answer:
(a) Aves/birds can fly.
(b) Streamlined body.
(c) Hollow and light bones.
(d) Forelimbs are modified into wings.
(e) Warm-blooded animals, heart with four chambers.
(f) Egg laying animals.
(g) Beak present, teeth are absent.

Question 23. Why do most of the amphibians lay their eggs in water and reptiles lay their eggs on land?
Answer: Amphibians lay their eggs in water because the tadpeles or young, ones that hatch out of egg has gills at initial stages, that allows them; to breathe in water.
In case of reptiles the young ones that hatch out does not have gplls> and the hatching of eggs requires warmth that is given by the mother, reptile.

Question 24. Give the hierarchy of 5 kingdom classification of living world.
Answer:
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Diversity in Living Organisms SAQ Q24

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is the importance of classification?
Answer: Classification is important because:
(a) Classification makes the study of wide variety, of organisms, systematic and easier.
(b) It projects a picture of all organisms and their interrelation with each other.
(c) It provides a base for the study of other branches of biology.
(d) It is useful in the study of ecology, which deals with; the inter-relation of an organism with their environment.
(e) It helps to establish a hierarchy of groups of organisms.

Question 2. What are the characteristic features of mammals?
Answer: Characteristics features of mammals: –
(a) Body is covered with hair.
(b) Skin is provided with sweat and sebaceous glands.
(c) Heart is four-chambered.
(d) Fertilization is internal.
(e) Females have mammary glands to produce milk to nourish their young ones.
(f) External ear—pinna, present.
(g) Eyes have eye lids.
(h) Warm-blooded.
(i) Respiration through lungs,
(j) Body cavity divided’ into- thorax and1 abdomen by muscular diaphragm.

Question 3. What are the characteristic features of reptiles?
Answer: The characteristics of reptiles:
(a) Dry scaly, impermeable skin.
(b) Respiration through lungs.
(e) Cold-blooded
(d) Internal fertilization.
(e) Heart is three chambered’.
(f) Two pairs of pentadactyl limbs are present.

Question 4. What are the basis for classification of organisms?
Answer: The basis for classification are:
(a) Presence or absence of nucleus.
(b) Organisms are unicellular, or multicellular.
(c) Level of organisation.
(d) Autotrophic mode of nutrition or heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
(e) Of the organisms that perform photosynthesis (Plants), their level, or organisation of the body.
(f) Of the animals, how does the individuals body develop and organise its different parts.

Question 5. Give the characteristics of fiat worms, round worms and segmented worm. Give their phylum.
Answer:
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Diversity in Living Organisms LAQ Q5

Flat wormsRound wormsSegmented worms
Phylum—PlatyhelminthesPhylum NematodaPhylum Annelida
Dorsoventrally flat, i.e., flat body from top to bottom.Body is cylindrical.Body is segmented from head to tail.
No true body cavity.Pseudocoelom (Sort of body (cavity).True body cavity.
Mostly hermaphrodite, i.e., male and female sex organs present in the same individual.Sexes are separate.May be unisexual or bisexual.

Question 6. Give the classification of the plant kingdom.
Answer:
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Diversity in Living Organisms LAQ Q6

Question 7. Differentiate (5 points) between monocot and dicot plants.
Answer:

Monocot PlantsDicot Plants
1. Fibrous root2. Parallel venation3. Seeds with one cotyledon4. Vascular bundles are scattered.5. Flowers are trimerousTaprootReticulate venation.Seeds with two cotyledonsVascular bundles are arranged in rings.Flowers are pentamerous, flowers or tetramerous

Question.8. Give the outline classification of animal kingdom.
Answer.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Diversity in Living Organisms LAQ Q8

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