NCERT Solutions Class 11 English (Hornbill) Chapter 4

( ! ) Warning: Undefined array key "blockId" in /home/kbxmjwdb/public_html/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-block/table-of-contents-block.php on line 159
Call Stack
#	Time	Memory	Function	Location
1	0.0001	353656	{main}( )	.../index.php:0
2	0.0001	354016	require( '/home/kbxmjwdb/public_html/wp-blog-header.php )	.../index.php:17
3	0.1208	10552464	require_once( '/home/kbxmjwdb/public_html/wp-includes/template-loader.php )	.../wp-blog-header.php:19
4	0.1895	18262464	include( '/home/kbxmjwdb/public_html/wp-content/themes/generatepress/single.php )	.../template-loader.php:106
5	0.2668	19767864	generate_do_template_part( $template = 'single' )	.../single.php:29
6	0.2668	19767864	get_template_part( $slug = 'content', $name = 'single', $args = ??? )	.../theme-functions.php:568
7	0.2668	19768384	locate_template( $template_names = [0 => 'content-single.php', 1 => 'content.php'], $load = TRUE, $load_once = FALSE, $args = [] )	.../general-template.php:206
8	0.2669	19768496	load_template( $_template_file = '/home/kbxmjwdb/public_html/wp-content/themes/generatepress/content-single.php', $load_once = FALSE, $args = [] )	.../template.php:745
9	0.2669	19768912	require( '/home/kbxmjwdb/public_html/wp-content/themes/generatepress/content-single.php )	.../template.php:812
10	0.2681	19816640	the_content( $more_link_text = ???, $strip_teaser = ??? )	.../content-single.php:73
11	0.2682	19816640	apply_filters( $hook_name = 'the_content', $value = '<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English (Hornbill) Chapter 4 Landscape of the Soul (updated) </p>\n<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Class</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Subject</td><td>English</td></tr><tr><td>Book</td><td>Hornbill</td></tr><tr><td>Chapter Number</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Chapter Name</td><td>Landscape of the Soul</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>\n<!-- /wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table-of-contents-block/table-of-co'... )	.../post-template.php:256
12	0.2682	19817048	WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English (Hornbill) Chapter 4 Landscape of the Soul (updated) </p>\n<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Class</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Subject</td><td>English</td></tr><tr><td>Book</td><td>Hornbill</td></tr><tr><td>Chapter Number</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Chapter Name</td><td>Landscape of the Soul</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>\n<!-- /wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table-of-contents-block/table-of-co'..., $args = [0 => '<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English (Hornbill) Chapter 4 Landscape of the Soul (updated) </p>\n<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Class</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Subject</td><td>English</td></tr><tr><td>Book</td><td>Hornbill</td></tr><tr><td>Chapter Number</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Chapter Name</td><td>Landscape of the Soul</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>\n<!-- /wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table-of-contents-block/table-of-co'...] )	.../plugin.php:205
13	0.2686	19818584	do_blocks( $content = '<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English (Hornbill) Chapter 4 Landscape of the Soul (updated) </p>\n<!-- /wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>Class</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Subject</td><td>English</td></tr><tr><td>Book</td><td>Hornbill</td></tr><tr><td>Chapter Number</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Chapter Name</td><td>Landscape of the Soul</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>\n<!-- /wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:table-of-contents-block/table-of-co'... )	.../class-wp-hook.php:324
14	0.2697	20029968	render_block( $parsed_block = ['blockName' => 'table-of-contents-block/table-of-contents-block', 'attrs' => ['headers' => [...], 'title' => 'Chapter 4 Landscape of the Soul'], 'innerBlocks' => [], 'innerHTML' => '\n<div class="wp-block-table-of-contents-block-table-of-contents-block eb-toc-container" style="border:undefinedpx solid black;background:#fff6f3;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px black;width:100%" data-collapsible="false" data-initial-collapse="false" data-scroll-top="false" data-sticky="false" data-text-color="#707070" data-hide-mobile="false" data-title-bg="#ff7d50" data-title-color="white"><div class="eb-toc-header"><div class="eb-toc-title" style="display:block;font-size:22px;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:'..., 'innerContent' => [0 => '\n<div class="wp-block-table-of-contents-block-table-of-contents-block eb-toc-container" style="border:undefinedpx solid black;background:#fff6f3;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px black;width:100%" data-collapsible="false" data-initial-collapse="false" data-scroll-top="false" data-sticky="false" data-text-color="#707070" data-hide-mobile="false" data-title-bg="#ff7d50" data-title-color="white"><div class="eb-toc-header"><div class="eb-toc-title" style="display:block;font-size:22px;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:'...]] )	.../blocks.php:1743
15	0.2697	20030568	WP_Block->render( $options = ??? )	.../blocks.php:1705
16	0.2697	20031264	{closure:/home/kbxmjwdb/public_html/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-block/table-of-contents-block.php:116-270}( $attributes = ['headers' => [0 => [...], 1 => [...], 2 => [...], 3 => [...], 4 => [...], 5 => [...], 6 => [...], 7 => [...], 8 => [...], 9 => [...]], 'title' => 'Chapter 4 Landscape of the Soul'], $content = '\n<div class="wp-block-table-of-contents-block-table-of-contents-block eb-toc-container" style="border:undefinedpx solid black;background:#fff6f3;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px black;width:100%" data-collapsible="false" data-initial-collapse="false" data-scroll-top="false" data-sticky="false" data-text-color="#707070" data-hide-mobile="false" data-title-bg="#ff7d50" data-title-color="white"><div class="eb-toc-header"><div class="eb-toc-title" style="display:block;font-size:22px;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:'..., class WP_Block { public $parsed_block = ['blockName' => 'table-of-contents-block/table-of-contents-block', 'attrs' => [...], 'innerBlocks' => [...], 'innerHTML' => '\n<div class="wp-block-table-of-contents-block-table-of-contents-block eb-toc-container" style="border:undefinedpx solid black;background:#fff6f3;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px black;width:100%" data-collapsible="false" data-initial-collapse="false" data-scroll-top="false" data-sticky="false" data-text-color="#707070" data-hide-mobile="false" data-title-bg="#ff7d50" data-title-color="white"><div class="eb-toc-header"><div class="eb-toc-title" style="display:block;font-size:22px;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:'..., 'innerContent' => [...]]; public $name = 'table-of-contents-block/table-of-contents-block'; public $block_type = class WP_Block_Type { public $api_version = 2; public $name = 'table-of-contents-block/table-of-contents-block'; public $title = 'Table Of Contents'; public $category = 'widgets'; public $parent = NULL; public $ancestor = NULL; public $allowed_blocks = NULL; public $icon = NULL; public $description = 'Insert Table of Contents on your posts/pages and enhance user experience on your WordPress website'; public $keywords = [...]; public $textdomain = NULL; public $styles = [...]; private $variations = NULL; public $variation_callback = NULL; public $selectors = [...]; public $supports = [...]; public $example = NULL; public $render_callback = class Closure { virtual $closure = "{closure}", ... }; public $attributes = [...]; private $uses_context = [...]; public $provides_context = NULL; public $block_hooks = [...]; public $editor_script_handles = [...]; public $script_handles = [...]; public $view_script_handles = [...]; public $view_script_module_ids = [...]; public $editor_style_handles = [...]; public $style_handles = [...]; public $view_style_handles = [...]; private $deprecated_properties = [...] }; public $context = []; protected $available_context = ['postId' => 16191, 'postType' => 'post']; protected $registry = class WP_Block_Type_Registry { private $registered_block_types = [...] }; public $inner_blocks = []; public $inner_html = '\n<div class="wp-block-table-of-contents-block-table-of-contents-block eb-toc-container" style="border:undefinedpx solid black;background:#fff6f3;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px black;width:100%" data-collapsible="false" data-initial-collapse="false" data-scroll-top="false" data-sticky="false" data-text-color="#707070" data-hide-mobile="false" data-title-bg="#ff7d50" data-title-color="white"><div class="eb-toc-header"><div class="eb-toc-title" style="display:block;font-size:22px;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:'...; public $inner_content = [0 => '\n<div class="wp-block-table-of-contents-block-table-of-contents-block eb-toc-container" style="border:undefinedpx solid black;background:#fff6f3;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px black;width:100%" data-collapsible="false" data-initial-collapse="false" data-scroll-top="false" data-sticky="false" data-text-color="#707070" data-hide-mobile="false" data-title-bg="#ff7d50" data-title-color="white"><div class="eb-toc-header"><div class="eb-toc-title" style="display:block;font-size:22px;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:'...]; public $attributes = ['headers' => [...], 'title' => 'Chapter 4 Landscape of the Soul'] } )	.../class-wp-block.php:463

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English (Hornbill) Chapter 4 Landscape of the Soul (updated)

Class	11
Subject	English
Book	Hornbill
Chapter Number	4
Chapter Name	Landscape of the Soul

Landscape of the Soul NCERT Text Book Questions and Answers

Landscape of the Soul Understanding The Text

Question 1.
(i) Contrast the Chinese view of art with the European view with examples.
Answer:
The European view of art is to reproduce an actual view. A Western or European painting is ‘figurative’ or emblematic. The European painter wants you to borrow his eyes and look at a particular landscape exactly as he saw it. He wants us to watch the painting from a specific angle from his point of view. In European painting more attention is paid to “delicate realism” It can be illustrated from the example of Quinten Metsys, a master blacksmith, who painted a fly on the latest panel of a painter, with whose daughter he fell in love. It looked so real that the painter admitted him as his apprentice.

But a classical Chinese painting is not meant to reproduce an actual view. The Chinese painter does not choose a single viewpoint. His landscape is not a ‘real’ one, and you can enter it from any point and then travel in it. This is because the artist creates a path for your eyes to travel up and down, then back again, in a leisurely movement. This is even more true in the case of the horizontal scroll.

In it the action of slowly opening one section of the painting, then rolling it up to move on the other, adds a dimension of time. This is unknown in any other form of painting. It also requires the active participation of the viewer, who decides at which pace he will travel through the painting. Thus the participation is physical as well as mental. The Chinese painter does not want you to borrow his eyes. On the other hand, he wants you to enter his mind. The landscape is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space.

(ii) Explain the concept of ‘Shanshui’.
Answer:
The literal meaning of ‘Shanshui’ is ‘mountain-water’. When used together it represents the word ‘Landscape’. These are more than two elements of an image. These represent two complimentary poles, reflecting the Daoist view of the universe. The mountain Yang, is reaching vertically towards Heaven. It is stable, warm, and dry in the sun. The water is Yin horizontal and resting on the Earth. It is fluid, moist and cool. Yin is the receptive, feminine aspect of universal energy. Its counterpart Yang is active and masculine. The interaction of Yin and Yang is of course the fundamental notion of Daoism.

However, there is an essential third element, the Middle Void, where the interaction of Yin and Yang takes place. This can be compared with the yogic practice of ‘pranayama’, where we breathe in, retain and breathe out. Thus the suspension of breath is the void where meditation occurs. So the Middle Void is essential-nothing can happen without it. That is why there is the importance of the white, unpainted space in Chinese landscape. This is also where man finds a fundamental role. In that space between heaven and Earth, he becomes the conduit of communication between both poles of the universe.

Question 2.
(i) What do you understand by the terms ‘outsider art’ and ‘art brut or ‘raw art’ ?
Answer:
The concept of ‘art brut’ in the 1940’s was first originated by the French painter Jean Dubuffet. This genre is described as art of those who have ‘no right’ to be artist as they have no formal training, yet show talent and artistic insight. It is a stimulating contrast to the main stream style of art. In the beginning, very few people had interest in this form of art. But now ‘outsider art’ has gradually become the fastest growing art of interest in contemporary art internationally.

The notion of ‘art brut’ or ‘raw art’ was of works that were in their raw state as regards cultural and artistic influences. Anything and everything from a tin to sink to a broken down car could be material for this work of art. Thus it is totally different from the concept of the traditional art of painting where brush and colours are used. The Rock Garden created by Nek Chand at Chandigarh is perhaps the best example of such a form of art.

(ii) Who was the ‘untutored genius who created a paradise’ and what is the nature of his contribution to art ?
Answer:
The ‘untutored genius’ is the 80-year-old Nek Chand who has created a paradise in the form of the world-famous Rock Garden at Chandigarh. He is the creator-director of Rock Garden. He is called ‘untutored’ because he never had any formal training in art. He is a genius because he had made himself a garden sculpted with stone and recycled material, when years ago he began clearing the little patch of jungle, which was then at the outskirts of Chandigarh.

Nek Chand is now hailed as India’s biggest contribution to outsider art. He has also taken the form of art called ‘art brut’ or ‘raw art’ to dizzying heights. The Swiss Commission for UNESCO has recognised his art as “an outstanding testimony of the difference a single man can make when he lives his dream”

The Swiss Commission will be honouring him by way of a European exposition of his works. The five-month interactive show, “Realm of Nek Chand” was held at leading musliums in Switzerland, Belgium, France and Italy. ‘Raw vision’ is UK-based magazine pioneer in outsider art publications. Its 50th issue (Spring 2005) has featured Nek Chand. His Rock Garden sculptor ‘Women by the Waterfall’ was published on its anniversary issue’s cover.

Landscape of the Soul Talking About The Text

Discuss the following statements in group of four :

Question 1.
“The Emperor may rule over the territory he has conquered, but only the artist knows the way within.”
Answer:
The author illustrates this statement with an old Chinese tale. A Chinese painter Wu Daozi lived in the eighth century. His last painting was a landscape commissioned by the Tang Emperor Xuanzong, to decorate a palace wall. The master painter had hidden his work behind a screen, so only the Emperor would see it. For a long while, the Emperor admired the wonderful scene, discovering forests, high mountains, waterfalls, clouds float¬ing in veiy huge sky, men on hilly paths and birds in flight.

The painter said to the king that in this cave, at the foot of the mountain, a spirit lives. Then the painter clapped his hands, and the entrance to the cave opened. He said to the Emperor, “The inside is splendid, beyond anything words can convey please let me show Your Majesty the way.” Then the painter entered the cave but the entrance closed behind him. Before the astonished Em¬peror could move or utter a word, the painting had vanished from the wall. And the artist was never seen again in his world.

Though this story seemed unbelievable, yet it teaches us a very good lesson. The Emperor had commissioned a painting but he could appreciate its outer appearance only. But the artist re vealed to him the true meaning of his work. The Emperor may be the ruler of the territory conquered by him. But only the artist knows the way within. He is more aware of the mysterious works of the universe. The painting is no more there. But the artist has reached his goal-beyond any material appearance.

Question 2.
“The landscape is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space.”
Answer:
In Chinese painting, the landscape is an inner one. It is not figurative like the Western painting. It is rather spiritual and pertaining to mental conception. Like a Western painting, a classical Chinese landscape is not meant to reproduce an actual view. The Chinese painter does not choose a single viewpoint. His landscape is not a ‘real one’, and you can enter it from any point and then travel in it.

The artist creates for our eyes a path to travel up and down, then back again in a leisurely movement. This is even more true in the case of the horizontal scroll. In it the action of slowly opening one section of the painting, then rolling it up to move on to the other, adds a dimension of time. It is quite unknown in other form of painting. It also requires the active participation of the viewer, who decides at which pace he will travel through the painting. This participation is physical as well as mental. That is why the Chinese landscape is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space.

 Landscape of the Soul Thinking About Language

Question 1.
Find out the correlates of Yin and Yang in other cultures.
Answer:
To my mind the correlates of Yin and Yang are found in Hindu mythology— ‘Aakash’ and ‘Patal’—‘Aakash’ relates to Yang] whereas ‘Patal’ relates to ‘Yin’.

Question 2.
What is the language spoken in Flanders ?
Answer:
The author belongs to Belgium, a European country. I think besides other Eu¬ropean languages, English is also spoken there.

 Landscape of the Soul Working With Words

I. The following common words are used in more than one sense :

Examine the following sets of sentences to find out what the words ‘panel’ and ‘essence’ mean in different contexts :
Question 1.
(i) The masks from Bawa village in Mali look like long panels of decorated wood.
(ii) Judge H. Hobart Grooms told the jury panel he had heard the reports.
(iii) The panel is laying the groundwork for an international treaty.
(iv) The glass panels of the window were broken.
(v) Through the many round tables, workshops or panel discussions, a consensus was reached.
(vi) The sink in the hinged panel above the bunk drains into the head.

Question 2.
(i) Their repetitive structure must have taught the people around the great composer the essence of music.
(ii) Part of the answer is in the proposition; but the essence is in the meaning.
(iii) The implications of these schools of thoughts are of practical essence for the teacher.
(iv) They had added vanilla essence to the pudding.

II. Now collect five sentences each for the rest of the words to show the different senses in which each of them is used :
Answer:
1. Studio :
(i) The painter is painting a portrait in his studio.
(ii) Rohit has kept a studio couch in his office. He uses it as a bed for one hour after lunch.
(iii) The photographer taught me how to develop a film in his studio.
(iv) All the studios of cinema companies in Mumbai are called today.
(v) Radio and T.V. programmes are recorded and are regularly broadcast from the studio

2. Material :
(i) Yam is the basic raw material used for making clothes of various kinds.
(ii) Western countries have achieved material progress, but spiritually eastern countries are far advanced.
(iii) This material is not enough to stitch two coats.
(iv) Food, housing and clothes are the basic material needs of a person.
(v) The judge warned the witness not to hold back material facts, which might influence the decision.

3. Brush :
(i) I always brash hay teeth twice a day.
(ii) Roman brushed away a fly from his nose.
(iii) He tries to get the girl to go out with him, but she always brushes him off.
(iv) If you are going to France you’d better brush up your French.
(v) The leaves of the trees brushed my face as I ran through the forest.

Landscape of the Soul Noticing Form

• A classical Chinese landscape is not meant to reproduce an actual view, as would a Western figurative painting.
• Whereas the European painter wants you to borrow his eyes and look at a particular landscape exactly as he saw it, from a specific angle, the Chinese painter does not choose a single viewpoint.

The above two examples are ways in which contrast may be expressed,

Combine the following sets of ideas to show the contrast between them.

Question 1.
(i) European art tries to achieve a perfect, illusionistic likeness.
(ii) Asian art tries to capture the essence of inner life and spirit.

Question 2.
(i) The Emperor commissions a painting and appreciates its outer appearance.
(ii) The artist reveals to him the true meaning of his work.

Question 3.
(i) The Emperor may rule over the territory he has conquered.
(ii) The artist knows the way within.
Answer:
1. European art tries to achieve a perfect, illusionistic likeness whereas Asian art . tries to capture the essence of inner life and spirit.
2. The emperor commissions a painting and appreciates its outer appearance but the artist reveals to him the true meaning of his work.
3. The emperor may rule over the territory he has conquered while the artist knows the way within.

Landscape of the Soul Things To Do

Question 1.
Find out about as many Indian schools of painting as you can. Write a short note on the distinctive features of each school.
Answer:
India has a vast country having innumerable diverse cultures. So there are a large number of schools of painting. I am aware of a few schools of painting, which are mentioned below :

• Mewar school of painting : It depicts mostly paintings based on religious scriptures.
• Marwar school of painting : It depicts mostly religious, social, war and hunting themes.
• Kishangarh school of painting : It depicts mostly the paintings based on Shri Rrishana and Radha.
• Dhundhar school of painting : It depicts mostly the paintings based on contem-porary and themes relating to Mughal period.

Question 2.
Find out other experiments in recycling that help in environmental conservation. ;
Answer:
A painting by an 86-year old Chinese master has gone under the hammer for a record 30 million yuan, highlighting soaring world interest in Chinese art. The work by Wu Guanzhong depicting a cluster of colourful parrots sitting on tree branches smashed the previous record price for a Chinese ink painting of 23 million yuan for a 12th century masterpiece by the Song Dynasty emperor Huizong. “Wu Guanzhong has successfully melded Chinese and Western artisitic traditions,” said Ma Zhefet, marketing manager from China’s Poly Art and Culture Co., which ran Monday’s auction in Beijing.

Landscape of the Soul Extra Questions and Answers

Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow :

Passage-1

A wonderful old tale is told about the painter Wu Daozi, who lived in the eighth century. His last painting was a landscape commissioned by the Tang Emperor Xuanzong, to decorate a palace wall. The master had hidden his work behind a screen, so only the Emperor would see it. For a long while, the Emperor admired the wonderful scene, discovering forests, high mountains, waterfalls, clouds floating in an immense sky, men on hilly paths, birds in flight. (Page 34)

Questions :
(i) For whom and for what was the landscape painted by the painter ?
(ii) About whom is told a wonderful tale ? In which century did he live ?
(iii) Why was the painting hidden behind a screen ?
(iv) What did the Emperor admire in the landscape ?
(v) Frame sentences with the words that follow :
(a) wonderful
(b) flight
Answers:
(i) The landscape was painted for the Tang Emperor Xuanzong to decorate a palace wall.
(ii) A wonderful tale is told about the painter Wu Daozi, who lived in the eighth century.
(iii) The painting was hidden behind a screen so that only the Emperor could see it.
(iv) The Emperor admired forest, high mountains, waterfalls, clouds floating in the vast sky, men and hilly paths and the flying birds.
(v)
(a) We had a wonderful time at Rahul’s birthday party.
(b) She should leave a hit early so that you may not miss the flight.

Passage-2

In fifteenth century Antwerp, a master blacksmith called Quinten Metsys fell in love with a painter’s daughter. The father would not accept a son-in-law in such a profession. So, Quinten sneaked into the painter’s studio and painted a fly on his latest panel with such ‘delicate realism’ that the master tried to swat it away before he realised what had happened. Quinten was immediately admitted as an apprentice into his studio, married his beloved and went on to become one of the most famous painters of his age. (Page 35)

Questions :
(i) What was the name and profession of the young man who fell in love with a painter’s daughter ?
(ii) Why would the father of the girl not accept him as a son-in-law ?
(iii) What did the young lover do ?
(iv) What happened to the lover ?
(v) Find antonyms of the following words from the passage :
(a) Reject
(b) Notorious
Answers:
(i) His name was Quinten Metsys and he was a blacksmith.
(ii) The father of the girl would not accept him as a son-in-law because of his profession.
(iii) He sneaked into the painter’s studio and painted a fly on his latest panel so realistically that the painter tried to swat it.
(iv) Quinten was made an apprentice by that painter. He married his daughter and became a veiy famous painter.
(v)
(a) Accept.
(b) famous.

Passage-3

A classical Chinese landscape is not meant to reproduce an actual view, as would a western figurative painting. Whereas the European painter wants us to borrow his eyes and look at a particular landscape exactly he saw it, from a specific angle, the Chinese painter does not choose a single viewpoint. His landscape is not a ‘real’ one, and you can enter it from any point, then travel in it; the artist creates a path for your eyes to travel up and down, then back again, in a leisurely Movement. (Page 35)

Questions :
(i) What is the characteristic of:a classical Chinese landscape ?
(ii) How does the European painter want you to look at a particular landscape ?
(iii) What does a Chinese painter not choose ?
(iv) What kind of path does the Chinese artist create for our eyes ?
(v) Write the noun forms of the following :
(a) reproduce
(b) specific
Answers:
(i) A classical Chinese landscape does not reproduce the actual or exact view.
(ii) He wants you to look at a particular landscape exactly as he saw it, from a specific angle.
(iii) The Chinese painter does not choose a single viewpoint.
(iv) The Chinese artist creates a path for our eyes to travel up and down, then back again, in a leisurely movement.
(v)
(a) reproduction
(b) specification.

Passage-4

This is even more true in the case of the horizontal scroll, in which the action of slowly opening one section of the painting, then rolling it up to move on to the other, adds a dimension of time which is unknown in any other form of painting. It also requires the active participation of the viewer, who decides at which pace he will travel through the painting—a participation which is physical as well as mental. The Chinese painter does not want you to borrow his eyes; he wants you to enter his mind. The landscape is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space. (Page 35)

Questions :
(i) What is unknown in any other form of painting ?
(it) Whose participation is required ?
(iii) What does a Chinese painter want ?
(iv) What is the type of landscape ?
(v) Form verb from :
(a) active
(b) participation
Answers:
(i) The action of slowly opening one section of the Chinese horizontal scroll, then rolling it up to move on to the other, odds a dimension of time, which is unknown in any other form of painting.
(ii) The active participation of the viewer is required.
(iii) A Chinese painter wants you to enter his mind.
(iv) The landscape is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space.
(v)
(a) activate
(b) participate

Passage-5

This concept is expressed as ‘shanshui’, literally ‘mountain-water’ which used together represent the word “landscape”. More than two elements of an image, these represent two complementary poles, reflecting the Daoist view of the universe. The mountain is Yang-reaching vertically towards Heaven, stable, warm, and dry ip sun, while the water is Yin-horizontal and resting on the Earth, fluid, moist and cool. The interaction of Yin, the receptive, feminine aspect of universal energy and its counterpart Yang, active and masculine, is of course a fundamental notion of Daoism. (Page 36)

Questions :
(i) What is the literal meaning of ‘Shanshui’ ?
(ii) What reflects the Daoist view of the universe ?
(iii) What is Yang ? What are its characteristics ?
(iv) What do you understand by Yin ?
(v) Find words from the passage which mean :
(a) throwing hack
(b) perpendicularly
Answers :
(i) The literal meaning of ‘Shanshui’ is ‘mountain-water’,
(ii) Mountain and water, representing two complimentary poles, reflect the Daoist view of the universe.
(iii) The mountain is Yang, reaching vertically towards hediren, it is stable, warm and dry in the sun.
(iv) Yin, the water, is horizontal and resting on the Earth, fluid, moist, and cool.
(v) (a) reflecting
(b) vertically.

Passage-6

What is often overlooked is an essential third element, the Middle Void where their interaction takes place. This can be compared with the yogic practicfbfpranayama; breathe in, retain, breathe out the suspension of breath is the Void where meditation occurs. The Middle Void is essential nothing can happen without it; hence the importance of the white, unpainted space in Chinese landscape. (Page 36)

Questions :
(i) What, according to the author, is often overlooked ?
(ii) With what can the Middle Void be compared ?
(iii) Where does meditation occur ?
(iv) Where lies the importance of the Chinese landscape ?
(v) Find the words from the passage which mean :
(a) indispensable
(b) failed to notice.
Answers:
(i) The third element, the Middle Void is often overlooked.
(ii) The Middle Void can be compared with the yogic practice of pranayama.
(iii) The meditation occurs when there is suspension of breath, which the author calls the Void.
(iv) The importance of the Chinese landscape lies in ita white, unpainted space.
(v) (a) essential
(b) overlookod

Passage-7

Around the time Dubuffet was propounding his concept, in India “an untutored genius was creating paradise”. Ye ars ago the little patch of jungle that he began clearing to make himself a garden sculpted! with stone and recycled material is known to the world today as the Rock Garden, at Chandigarh. Its 80-year-old creator-director Nek Chand is now hailed as India’s biggest co’ntribp tion to outsider art. The 50th issue (Spring 2005) of Raw Vision, a UK-based magazine’pioneer in outsider art publications, features Nek Chand; and his Rock Garden sculpture ‘Women by the waterfall’ on its anniversary issue’s cover. (Pages 36-37)

Questions :
(i) For whom han the expression “an untutored genius” been used ?
(ii) What sort of paradise has he created ?
(iii) What is special about the 50th issue of the magazine Raw Vision ?
(iv) What appears o h the cover of the 50th issue of Raw Vision ?
(v) Find the words from the passage which mean :
(a) recreated from used material
(b) not taught.
Answers:
(i) The expression “an untutored genius” has been used for Nek Chand.
(a) He has created Rock Garden at Chandigarh sculpted with stone and recycled
material.
(Hi) Raw Vision is a U.K. based magazine pioneer in outsider art publications. The special thing about its 50th issue (Spring 2005) is that it has featured Nek Chand.
(iv) Nek Chand’! sculpture ‘woman by the waterfall’ had appeared on the cover of the 50th issue of Raw Vision.
(v) (a) recycled
(b) untutored

Passage-8

The notion of ‘art brut’ or‘raw art’, was of works that were in their raw state as regards cultural and artistic influences. Anything and everything from a tin to a sink to a broken down car could be materia! for a work of art, something Nek Chand has taken to dizzying heights. Recognising his sqk as “an outstanding testimony of the difference a single man can make when he lives his , dreams”, the Swiss Commission of UNESCO will be honouring him by way of a European exposition df him works. The five-month interactive show, “Realm of Nek Chand”, beginning October will be held at leading museums in Swit¬zerland, Belgium, France and Italy. (Page 37)

Questions :
(i) What does the notion of ‘art brut’ or ‘raw art’ mean ?
(ii) What is the material which, could be used for ‘raw art’ ?
(iii) How will the Swiss Commission of UNESCO honour Nek Chand ?
(iv) Where will ‘Realm of Nek Chand’ show be held ?
(v) Form nouns of the following words :
(a) recognising
(b) testimony.
Answers:
(i) These are the works that are in their raw state as regards cultural and artistic influences.
(ii) Anything or everything from a tin to a sink to a broken down car could be the material used for ‘raW art’.
(iii) Tne Swiss Commission for UNESCO will he honouring Nek Chand by way of a European exposition of his works.
(iv) The five-month interactive show “Realm of Nek Chand” will be held at leading museum in Switzerland, Belgium, France and Italy.
(v) (a) recognition
(b) testimonial

Landscape of the Soul Extra Questions Short Answer Type 

Question 1.
Who was Wu Daozi ? For whom did he paint his last landscape ?
Answer:.
Wu Daozi was a Chinese painter, who lived in the eighth century. He painted his last landscape for the Tang Emperor Xuanzong to decorate a palace wall.

Question 2.
What did the Emperor admire in the landscape ?
Answer:
The landscape was so lively that the Emperor admired the wonderful scene for a long while. He admired its forests, high mountains, waterfalls, clouds floating in an immense sky, men on hilly paths and birds in flight.

Question 3.
How did the painting vanish from the palace wall ?
Answer:
The painter told the Emperor that a spirit lives at the foot of the mountain. The painter clapped his hands, and the entrance to the cave opened. The painter entered the cave to show way to the Emperor. As he did so the painting vanished from the wall and so did the painter himself.

Question 4.
“Such stories played an important part in China’s classical education”. What do such stories signify ?
Answer:
The books of Confucius and Zhuangzi are full of such stories. They helped the master to guide his disciple in the right direction. They are also deeply revealing of the spirit in which art was considered.

Question 5.
What did Quinten Metsys do to impress the painter ?
Answer:
Quinten Metsys fell in love with a painter’s daughter. To impress the painter, he sneaked into the painter’s studio and painted a fly on his latest panel. It seemed so realistic that the painter tried to swat the fly away.

Question 6.
How did Quinten, a blacksmith become a famous painter ?
Answer:
The painter was so impressed with realistic painting of fly by Quinten. He was immediately admitted as an apprentice of the painter into his studio. Quinten married his daughter whom he loved and went on to become one of the most famous painters of his age.

Question 7.
What is the main characteristic of a classical Chinese landscape ?
Answer:
Hie main characteristic of a classical Chinese landscape is that it does not try to reproduce the actual or exact view. It is not figurative painting. The landscape’s inner are, a spiritual and conceptual space.

Question 8.
What kind of a path does the Chinese artist create for our eyes-?
Answer:
The Chinese painter does not choose a single viewpoint. He creates a path for our eyes to travel up and down, then back again, in a leisurely movement.; :

Question 9.
What is unknown in any other form of painting besides the Chinese painting?
Answer:
The action of slowly opening one section of the Chinese horizontal scroll, then rolling it up to move on to the other, adds a dimension of time, which is unknown in any other form of painting.

Question 10.
What kind of participation of the viewer is required to appreciate Chinese painting ? ]
Answer:
To appreciate a Chinese painting, the active participation of the viewer is required. The viewer decides at which pace he will travel through the painting. It is a participation which is physical as well as mental.

Question 11.
What is the fundamental notion of Daosim ?
Answer:
The interaction of‘Yin’ or water, the receptive, feminine aspect of universal energy and its counterpart ‘Yang’ or mountain, active and masculin is the fundamental notion of Daoism.

Question 12.
What is the Middle Void ? With what can it be compared ?
Answer:
The Middle Void is where the interaction of Yin and Yang takes place. It is compared with the yogic exercise ‘pranayama’ where We breathe in, retain the breath and breathe it out.

Question 13.
What is special about the 50th issue of the magazine Raw Vision ?
Answer:
Raw Vision is a U.K. based magazine pioneer in outsider art publication. The special thing about it 50th issue (Spring 2005) is that it has features Nek Chand.

Question 14.
What appeared on the cover of the anniversary issue of Raw Vision ?
Answer:
Nek Chand’s sculpture from Rock Garden Women by the waterfall’ had appeared on. the cover of the anniversary issue of the U.K. based magazine Raw Vision.

Question 15.
How will the Swiss Commission of UNESCO honour Nek Chand ? ;
Answer:
Recognising Nek Chand’s art as outstanding, the Swiss Commission for UNESCO will he honouring him by way of a European exposition of his work.

Landscape of the Soul Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
“Such stories played an important part in China’s classical education.” How does the tale of the painter Wu Daozi justify it ?
Answer:
Wu Daozi was a Chinese painter who lived in the eighth century. He was commissioned by the Tang Emperor Xuanzong to decorate a palace wall. He had hidden his painting behind a screen so that only the Emperor could see it. The Emperor admired the wonderful scene for a long while.

The painter told the Emperor that in this cave, at die foot of the mountain, there lives a spirit. Then the painter clapped his hands, and the entrance to the cave opened. He said to the Emperor, “Please let me show Your Majesty the way.